Multiplying machine



Jul 11,193;

H. H. KEEN 2,165,271

IULTIPLYING IAOHINB Filed larch 6 19:55 9 Sheets Sheet 1 FIGJQ.

' INVENTOR MuA/r-ul. m

' v ATTORNEY I My 11,1939. H. H. KEEN 2,165,271

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed March 6, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR MM"1w- Y B ATTORNEY July I], 1939. H. H. KEEN 2,165,271

IIULTIPLYING ncanm Filed Igrch 6, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 5211C C02 H.

71211-2 65hr: MPRO BY ATTORNEY July 11, 1939. H. H. KEEN NULTIPLYINGMACHINE Filed March 6, 1935 'FlG.2b.

9 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Vina-L4. MM

ATTORNEY July 11, 1939. H. H. KEEN- 2,165,271

NULTIVPLYING MACHINE Filed March 6, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 l NVE NTORATTORNEY July '11, "1939. g, H, KEEN 2,165,271

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed March 6, 1935 v 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 0-3 CM D-lF|G.2d. l I 432 QQQQ INVENTOR -M 11.4mm.

BY ATTORNEY July 11, 1939.

H. H KEEN 2,165,271

MULT IPLYING MACHINE Filed March 6, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet '7 ATTGQNEYINVENTOR Mt d4.

' H. H. KEEN' MULTIPLYING MACHINE July 11, 1939.

Filed March 6, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 F IG.2F.

INVENTOR -W mm Y ATTORNEY July 11, 1939. H. H. KEEN MULTIPLYING MACHINE9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed March 6, 1935 INVE NTOR Juwu um;

BY ATTORNEY Patented July 11, 1939 MULTIPL'YING MACHINE Harold HallKeen, Letchworth, England, assignor to International Business MachinesCorporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York ' ApplicationMarch 6, 1935, Serial No. 9,531 In Great Britain April 6, 1934 3 Claims.

It is frequently desired to calculate the total cost of a given quantityof goods at a given price per unit quantity, and in many cases the priceper unit quantity can be stated as a 5 decimal fraction of one shilling.The quantity and price can be multiplied together in a machine oi theabove kind to give the total cost, as a decimal fraction of one shillingin the accumulator.

Broadly, the object of the present invention is to provide a machine 01the above kind that will obtain the product of a decimal number and adecimal fraction of one shilling in terms of the British currencynotation (i. e., the sterling notation).

According to'the present invention a multiplying machine of. the abovekind comprises mechanism for dividing the integral part of the productobtained in the accumulator by twenty,

to obtain a quotient and a remainder, and a register or recordingmechanism for registering or recording the quotient and remainderobtained. I

According to a feature of this invention the dividing mechanism isarranged to read the quotient and. remainder out of the accumulator andtransmit it into the register or recording mechanism as a sterlingamount. For this purpose the dividing mechanism may comprise reading-outmeans for transmitting, to the register or recording mechanism, thedigit registered in the units denomination oi the accumulator, separatereading-out means for each higher de-i nomination of the accumulator,each of which 86 means is-operable to transmit, to the register orrecording mechanism, one-half (to the nearest lower integer) oi thedigit registered in its denomination, and, except the means associatedwith the highest denomination of the accumu- 40 lator, also operable totransmit one-half (to the nearest lower integer) oi the sum of ten andthe digitregistered. and a separate device for each 'denominationexceptthe units denomination, each of whichdevices is arranged to deter- 4|mine whether the digit in its denomination is even or odd, and 0! whichdevices, that associated with'the tens denomination is arranged to 4transmit unity to the register or recording mechanism ii the tensdigitis odd and zero if itis even, and thoseassociated with the higherdenomination are arranged, to adjust each the reading-out means for thenext lower denomination to operate in the first manner or the secondmanner, depending respectively on whether the I digit in itsdenomination is odd or even.

According toa further feature of the present invention there is providedtranslating means operable to convert the digit registered by the tenthsand hundredths denomination of the accuinulator to an equivalent pencedigit and to 5 cause the register or recording mechanism to register orrecord said pence digit.

A preferred embodiment according to the present invention will now bedescribed, by'way of. example only, with reference to the accoml0pany'ing drawings, in which:

Figures 1a and 1b together show, diagram matically, the generalarrangement of a multiplying machine. embodying the invention;

Figures 2a to 2f together form a circuit dia- 15 gram for the machine;

Figure 3 is a section through reading-out'mechanism of an accumulator inthe machine. .This figure is a section on the line 33 01 Figure 4.

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 20 3; and,

Figure 5 is a section on theline 5-5 of Figure 3. Y

The invention will be explained as applied to a record-card-controliedmultiplying machine of 25 the kind known commercially as the "Hollerithmultiplying punch. A machine of this kind is described in United StatesPatent No. 1,944,665, granted to D. J. Oldenboom on Jan. 23, 1934.British Patent specification No. 405,031 describes 30 a similar machine,which, however, diiiers in certain respects from the machinedescribedherein. Since machines of this kind have been fully describedin the above and other patentspecifications, the present machine willonly be described sufflciently for an understanding of the presentimprovement.

General arrangement Referring first to Figuresla and 1b, the ma 4 ure1a) and 62a (Figure 1b), carried on reset shafts O3 and 03m A separateone-revolution reset clutch is associated with each accumulatorassociated reset magnet 223MP, 223LH or 223RH,

couples the reset shaft 63 or the reset shaft 630. to the accumulator,so that the latter is reset in a well known manner. The shaft 56 alsodrives three impulse emitters EMI, EM2 and EL, through the gearingshown, and cams for operating contacts CCI1, which are operated once inevery cycle of the machine.

The shaft 54 also drives a lower counter-shaft 561) (Figure 1a) which inturn drives a multiplier register MP and a multiplicand register MC.These registers are constituted by accumulators. A lower reset shaft63?; is driven in the same way as the upper reset shaft and themultiplier register MP and the multiplicand register MC can be coupledto this shaft for resetting by energizing reset magnets 223MP and 223MCrespectively. The shaft 561: also carries two cams 85 (Figure 1b) whichactuate mechanism associated with a number of multiplying relays MPR anda number or column-shift and control relays CS and CR. The constructionof these relays is fully described in the prior British specificationreferred to above, and it will be sufficient to state that the function.of the cams 65 is mechanically to restore the relays to their normalposition at the end of each cycle in order that they may be selectivelyenergized electrically during the following cycle.

Referring to Figure 1b, the shaft 56, through gearing 69-12, drives agear-wheel 13. The gear-wheel I3 is loose on a shaft I5 and has. anotched disc' 16 secured to it. An arm 18 is secured on the shaft 15 andhas a pawl 11 pivoted on it. Normally the pawl is held away from-thenotched disc 16 by the armature of a card-feed clutch magnet 222. Whenthis magnet is energized momentarily, the pawl 11 is released andengages a notch in the disc I6 so as to couple the shaft I5 to thegear-wheel I3.

The gear ratio is such that the shaft 15 turns through one revolutionwhile the shaft 56 is turning through two revolutions.

The gear-wheel 13 operates card-feeding mechanism which is identicalwith that de-- scribed in the United States specification referred' toabove, and need not be described in detail herein. It will be suflicientto state that the shaft 15 drives a cam 91 which operates a picker I04.This picker feeds the bottom card from a magazine to between twopairs'of feed rolls 82. These feed rolls are driven continuously by thegear-wheel 13, and feed the cards between a conducting roller 81 andfeed-rolls 94. The roller 81 and the feed-rolls 94 are driven by theshaft 15 so that they only rotate so long as the clutch comprising thepawl 11 and notched disc It is engaged.

When the card-feed clutch magnet 222 is energized, a card-feeding cycleoccurs in'which a card is fed by the picker I04 to the rollers 82 whichin turn feed it to between the feed roll 94 and the roller 81. Thecard-feed clutch then disengages, and the card remains in thisintermediate position while calculating operations are performed withrespect to the preceding card. When the magnet 222 is again energised toinitiate another card-feeding cycle, the roller 81 and the feed roll 94feed the card past a row of brushes I09, not shown in Figure 1b butshown in Figure 2a. The card is then fed by the roller 41 and furtherfeed-rolls 95, to a pair of feed rolls II which are driven continuouslyfrom the gear-wheel 13. The rollers ll co-operate with 'guide plates tofeed the card into position R in the tray of a card-punching machine.

Theconstruction of the punching machine is identical with that describedin the specification referred to above, and it will be sufiicient tostate that it includes a card-feeding rack H4 which is operatedautomatically to feed the card into a positon in which the first columnof a field that is to receive theproduct is beneath a row of punches.

From theforegoing, it will be seen that the first card-feeding cycleresults in the card being advanced to the intermediate position and thatin each succeeding cycle one card is ied'past the brushes I09 and thendelivered to the punching mechanism, while the following card is fedfrom .the magazine to the intermediate position.

The shaft 15 also drives a series of cams for operating contacts FCI toF0. These contacts are operated only during card-feeding cycles. When acard is in the intermediate position, it rocks a card-lever III whichcloses a pair of contacts H2 (lower right, Figure 2}). When a card is inthe R position, Figure 1b, it

rocksa card lever H9 which closes contacts I20 (lower right, Figure21.).

General operation The machine is arranged to multiply a multi-' plicandcomprising shillings and decimals of one shilling by a multiplier whichmay also comprise decimal places. The multiplicand is read from the cardand entered into the multiplicand register, while the multiplier is alsoread from the card and entered into the multiplier register. Theshillings amount in the multiplicand register is then multiplied by eachdigit of the amount in the multiplier register, and two partial prod-The machine can also be operated under rate-' card control, as explainedin the prior British specification referred to above, and can bemodifled in other manners. In all cases, however, the decimal product isobtained in the left-hand accumulator.

When the decimal product has been obtained in the accumulator LH, it istransferred to the accumulator F? and is simultaneously converted intothe pounds, shillings and pence notation. The sterling. product in theaccumulator F? is then read out to the punching mechanism digit by digitand recorded on the card. During the transfer from the accumulator LH tothe accumulat rFP, a new card-feeding cycle is initiated during whichthe next card is read, and the multiplicand and multiplier on it areentered into the registers MC and MP. The righthand accumulator is resetduring the same cycle. After the sterling product has been punched onthe card, the accumulators LH and FF are reset. After these have beenreset, multiplying operations are initiated with respect to the nextcard, from which the factors have already been read and enteredinto theregisters MC and MP.

Plug-up of read-in circuits The accumulator L1! is arranged to registera number which is a decimal fraction of one shilling and has apredetermined number of denominations for registering the fractionalparts of this product, the remaining higher denominations being employedto register the integral part of the product. The machine illustrated inthe drawings has eight denominational multiplier and multiplicandregisters MP and MC, and a sixteendenominatlonal decimal productaccumulator LH. As shown, the higher eight denominations of theaccumulator LH are arranged to register the integral part of theproduct, and the lower eight five decimal places in order that they maybe columns of the multiplicand held, and will cause expressed withsumcient accuracy. The cards will have eight-column multiplicand fieldsof which the three highest columns register the. integral' digits of theamounts and the remaining five columns the decimal digits of theamounts. Referring to Figure 2a, the multiplicand fields are read by thebrushes is, between A and B, and sockets 2 connected to these brushesare connected by plug wires 400a, to sockets 2I2 which are connected tocounter-ma.nets 2I3MC controlling the register MC, The brushes I09betweemA and B are connected to the three highest magnetsMIMC 'so thatmagnets will be energised in responsetc holes in-the three highest theregister to register the integral digits of the shillings amount. Theremaining lower magnets will cause the register to register the decimaldigits ofthe shillings amount. Since the reglsis a conventionalHollerith counter ofter MC the kind whose operation is well known, it isunnecessary to describe it in detail, and it will be sufficient to statethat the digits entered into the register are determined by the time atwhich the various magnets 2I3MC are energized.

Assume that the shillings amounts are to be multiplied by quantitieswhich will not exceed one hundred thousand units, and which'areexpressed to one-tenth of a unit, i. e., to one place of decimals. Thesequantities will also be registered in eight column fields, andthe lowest001- t man will register the decimal digit and the re mainder theintegral digits of the quantities. Since the quantities do not exceedone hundred thousand units, the two highest columns will always containzero. Brushes between C and E read the multiplier held of the card, thebrush between D and E reading the decimal column in each of theseilelds. Since there are five decimal denominations in the register MCthere must be three in the register MP. The brush between D and E istherefore connected by a plug-wire "0b to the third lowat magnet IMP ofthe multiplier register MP. This magnet is the third from the top inFigure 2a. The register MP will thus have three decimal denominationsand five integral, denominations. The live highest magnets are thereforeconnected to the nve lower brushes I09 reading the integral columns ofthe multiplier field.

It will be understood that the system of connection adopted depends uponthe circumstances of each case. For instance, if the multiplierquantitles are such that four decimal places are required in order toexpress with suillclent accuracy, the four brushes reading columnscontaining the decimal digits of the quantities will be connected to thefour lowest magnets 2I3MP. In this case, each of the brushes reading thesterling amount would have to be connected to the magnet one lower thanthat shown in Flgure 2a, in order that .the register MC should containonly four decimal places. On the other hand, if the quantities exceededone hundred thousand and were, say, less than one million, each of thebrushes reading the quantities should be connected to the magnet 2I3MP,one lower than that shown in Figure 2a, while the connection between thebrushes reading the shillings amount should be to the magnet one higherthan that shown in Figure 2a, i. e., the magnet immediately below theletter C in Figure 20, should be connected to the second magnet 2I3MCfrom the top, and

so on.

Before describing the present improvements,

. the manner in which the machine operates will first be explained inmore detail with reference to Figures 2a and 2f.

Starting circuits With the main motor in operation current is suppliedfrom the D. C. section 52DC (Figure 2}) of the generator to the mainsupply lines 20I and 202, while current is supplied from the A. 0..

section 52AC of this generator (Figure 2a) to earth and to a main line203. After the cards have been placed in the magazine, a start key isdepressed to close contacts I96 (lower left, Flg-.

ure 2f). A circuit is then completed through cam contacts FC-'-2, nowclosed, relay-contacts G--I, now closed, the contacts I96 and a relaycoil C. This coil closes contacts 0-2 to hold ltself energized throughcam contacts FC--8. The relay C also closes contacts CI (centre, Figure2!) to complete a circuit through contacts P- -I, CI, N-I, stop keycontacts I91, cam contacts FC-6, the card-feed clutch magnet 222 andcontacts F--I. The magnet 222 then engages the card-feed-clutch, and themachine performs a card-feeding operation in which the first card is fedto the intermediate position- In this position the card closes thecontacts I I2, (lower right, Figure 2!) which energize a relay coil H.This coil closes its contacts H-I (Figure 2a) to prepare thecard-reading circuits.

The start key is again depressed to close the contacts I96 and initiatea fresh card-feeding cycle in the same way as the first card-feedingcycle. During this cycle the cam contacts FC-II close to complete acircuit through the contacts I2, the contacts FC-Il and a relay coil G.The coil G opens its normally closed contacts (3-4 to prevent thefurther establishment of the circuit through thestart contacts I96, andcloses its normally open contacts G-I to provide a holding circuit foritself through contacts FC-2. The coil G also closes contacts G--2 toprovide a holding circuit for the coil H through the contacts G2 and thecontacts FC-2. card-feeding cycle, and at this time the holding circuitfor .the coil Gextends through the normally open contacts G--I. whichare now closed,

The contacts FC-2 open during each t closed while the contacts FC2 areopen if cards continue to be fed from the magazine. The coils G and Hare thus maintained energized so long as cards feed from the magazine tothe machine.

During this second card-feeding cycle the amounts on the card are readand entered into the registers MP and MC. Thereadlng circuits extendfrom the line 203 (Figure 2a), through the contacts HI which have beenclosed by the coil H, cam contacts FC-I, an impulse distributor I88, thecommon contact roll 81, the brushes I09, plug connections 800a and 400?)and the counter magnets 2| 3MP and 2I3MC .to earth. The amounts readfrom the cards are thus registered in the registers MC and MP.

As the card is delivered to-the R position (Figure 119) it closes thecontacts I20 (Figure 2f). These contacts energise a relay coil F. Acircuit is then'completedirom the line 203 (Figure 2a) through contactsCC--2, K2, L-2, and F--2, to the reset magnets 223LH and 223FP of theaccumulators LH and FF. These two product accumulators are then reset tozero in the following cycle. The contacts K-2 are closed, since theircoil K (Figure 2)) is energised through contacts P5 in the punchingmechanism. As

explained in-the United States specification reby the coil K. The magnetI43 engages aclutch not shown, and couples punchingmeehanism to adriving motor (also not shown), so that the punch is actuated to feedthe card through it. The contacts P-3 are closed if, as explained in theabove mentioned United States specifica- 'tion, the preceding card hasbeen properly ejected, so that the feed of a new card through punchingmechanism can only occur if the preceding card has been ejected. Thesecontacts reopen as soon as the feed of the new card commences.

When the magnet 223FP is energized, it. couples a cam I 92 to thereset-shaft 63, and this cam closes a pair of contacts FP--I. In thesame way, themagnet 223LH couples a pair of cams I89 and I96 to thereset shaft; and these cams close a pair of contacts LHI, open a pair ofcontacts LH2 and close a pair of contacts LII-8. The closure of thecontacts LH-8 (Figure 2)) completes the circuit through a coil L,

which closes its contacts L-I to hold itself en- The coil Multiplyingcircuits The contacts FP-I and LHI complete a circuit from the main DOline 2II (Figure 2a) the contacts G2 and the contacts I I2, which are.through the contacts in question and coils M and N to the line 202. Thecoil M closes its contacts M2 to provide a holding circuit throughcontacts MG-i which are normally closed, and the coils M and N to theline 202. opens its contacts N-I (Figure 2f) in the circuits for thecard-feed clutch magnet 222, so that no card-feeding cycle can beinitiated while multiplying operations are in progress.

Each register and accumulator in the machine 10 is provided with areading-out mechanism which is designated in the circuit diagram withthe same reference as the corresponding accumulator and sufllx R0. Thusthe multiplier register has a read-out mechanism MPRO (Figure 15 thedigit registered in the corresponding denomi- 20 nation of the register,relatively to a commutator structure. The arrangement'is such that thebrush I60 is adjusted to connect a corresponding digital conductingsegment I62 to a common segment I63, while the brush I6I is simas Iilarly adjusted but completes nocircuit unless zero is registered, whenit connects a zero segment I64 to a common segment I65.

. When the contacts M2 close, a circuit is completed through contactsMC-3, M2, 9, line II I 224, all the zero segments I68 as are engaged bya'brush I6I, the corresponding common segments I65, and the connectedones of a number of relay coils Yu, Tt, etc. There is one of theserelays for each denomination of the rega ister, and those of them thatcorrespond to denominations in which zero is registered will beenergised. The energised coils Yu, Yt, etc.,-close their contacts Yul,YtI, etc., and also shift contacts Yu2, Yt2, etc. Thus those oi the Yu2,

Ytietg,ggntactgwgcl ggrrgpond tb denominations in which "zero isregistered will be shifted from the position shown.

Withthe plugging shown in Figure 2a, no entries will be made into thetwo lowest denominations of the multiplier register. Consequently, both,these denominations will register zero, ,and both the relays Yu and Ytwill be energised, and contacts Yu2, Yt2 shifted. When cam contacts CC-2close, a circuit will be com- CSh, the common sector "3h of the hundreds5g denomination, the brush Ih of the hundreds denomination, the segmentI62h on which this brush .rests, a connected line .226, and one of ninerelay coils XI to x0, to earth. This coil is thus energized momentarilyand closes its reso lated contacts, which remain closed until the end ofthe cycle, when they are mechanically re-opened. These XI to X0 relaysare the relays contained in the mechanism MPR shown in Figure 1b.

06 If the hundreds digit were I, the relay x:

would have been energized and its contacts closed, if the digit is 4,the relay X4 and so on. with these contacts closed, circuits arecompleted from the line 208, through the emitter 7o EMI, the contacts ofthe energized relay XI, lines 2211.8 and 22IRK, the reading-outmechanism MCRO of the multiplicand register MC, lines 22am and 228KB.contacts CSM-II and cam-n, u mm a d man ac counters n The coil N 6magnets 2|3LH and 2l3RH, f the left-hand andright-hand accumulatorsrespectively. The contacts CSh4-I9 are closed when the columnshift relayCSh is energized, and remain closed until the end of the cycle, whenthey are mechanically opened.- The relay vCSh is one of those containedin the mechanism shown at CS and CR, Figure 1b.

The circuits shown in Figures 2b and 2c are fully explained in BritishPatent specification No. 358,105 and need not be explained in detailherein. As the result of the completion of the circuits through theenergized relay XI to X9 during this cycle the accumulators RH and LHwill add two partial products of the multiplicand and one digit of themultiplier.

During this cycle, contacts CSh3 are closed to complete a circuitthrough the contacts MC3, M2, the contacts CSh3, and the coil Yh. Thiscoil closes its contacts Yhl to hold itself energized, and also shiftsthe contacts Yh2. At the beginning of the next cycle the contacts CC2close again to complete a circuit through themselves. the contacts M-I,the contacts Yu2, Yt2, Yh2 in series, the normally closed contacts Yth2,the coil 08th, the reading-out mechanism MPRO in the thousandsdenomination, and the coil'Xl to X9 corresponding to the digitregistered in the thousands denomination. The machine then proceeds tomultiply by the thousands multiplier digit, and the multiplying cyclesproceed until all of the contacts Yu2, to Ytm2 have been shifted.

After this has occurred, the closure of the contacts CC2 will complete acircuit through all the normally open contacts Yu2 to Ytm2 in series,and the reset magnets 223MC and 223MP and a relay coil ICE to earth.I'he'energization of the reset magnets will result in the multiplicandand multiplier registers being reset during the cycle in progress.

The relay coil ICR closes its. contact lCR.-I-l6 (Figure 2c) and thesecontacts remain closed until the end of the cycle when they aremechanically reopened. Closure of these contacts prepares circuitsextending from the line 203 (Figure 21)) through the emitter EMI, lines230, the' reading-out mechanism RHRO (Figure 2c) of the accumulator RH,the contacts lCR,l--l6, the lines 229LH and the counter magnets 2|3LH ofthe left-hand accumulator, to earth. The right-hand partial-product inthe accumulator RH is thus transferred to the accumulator LH. and addedto the left-hand partial-product in the latter accumulator. Thus, theaccumulator LH will contain the final prodnot as a decimal amount.

Resumption of card feed During the resetting of the multiplicandregistcr, contacts MC-l are closed by a cam which is clutched to thereset shaft by the resetclutch, and energize the relay coil C. Thiscoil, in the manner previously explained, initiates a new card-feedingcycle by' energizing the card-feed clutch-magnet 222, so that the nextcard is fed and read, and the next pair of factors are entered into themultiplicand and multiplier registers in the cycle following thetransfer of the right-hand partial product to the accumulator LH.Contacts MC-2 are also closed to energize a relay coil D. This callcloses the contacts D2 to provide a holding circuit for itself throughcam contacts CC-l which open at the end of the cycle. The coil-D alsocloses contacts to prepare circuits by which the decimal product isconverted into a sterling product and entered into the accumulator FP.These circuits will be described later.

Read-out for accumulator LH The reading-out mechanism for theaccumulator LH will first be described. This readingassociated with thelowest denomination to the v left, which is the reverse to thearrangement which would be adopted in practice.

The registering wheel associated with the seventh denomination, whichregisters one-hundredths of a shilling, drives a gear-wheel 40!,

Figure 3, to which is secured a pair of brushes. 402.

These brushes cooperate with a commutator comprising a semi-circularconducting segment 404 and a set of ten contacts 405 which are embeddedin a semi-circular insulating member 406. Each of the contacts 405corresponds to a digit, and the brushes 402, which are elecr tricallyconnected together, are adjusted in accordance with the digitsregistered to connect the corresponding contact 405 to the commonsegment 404'. The gear-wheel 401, which is driven by the eighthregistering wheel of the accumulator, carries a pair of-brushes 408,ccoperating with ten contacts 4 and a common strip 0 in the same manner.This wheel carries a second pair of brushes 412 on its other side andthese co-operate with contacts 4 and a common strip '5. Only the contact4 corresponding to the digit nine, however, is connected ries a pair ofbrushes 4H, co-operating with ten contacts 8, and a common segment 4| 9.

The tens of shillings wheel 420 carries two pairs of brushes 42! and 422on one side. The brushes 42l co-operate with the common segment 423 andfive contacts 424'. The brushes 422 co-operate with a set of fivecontacts 425 and a common segment 426. This arrangement is repeated foreach higher denomination.

Referring now to Figure 4, the contacts 424 each comprise a portion 430co-operatingwith the brushes 42l, and of such length that each contactcan' be engaged by a brush when the latter is in either of two adjacent' positions. Each contact thus corresponds to two of the contactsof the lower denominations. The digit indicating positions of thebrushes are indicated by index numbers in Figure 4. Each contact 424also comprises a portion 4: extending along the side of the insulatingmember 432 and then overthe outer surface thereof so that a connectioncan be made to the contact by means of suitable screws. From Figure 3 itwill be observed that i the portion 430 of eachcontact extends less thanhalf-way across the insulating member, so that these contacts are onlyengaged by brushes on order that connections may be made to them. Thelower ends of these contacts are of such width that they are onlyengaged when the brushes represent odd digits.

In Figure 2e, a Separate contact 424 is shown for each digit and theseare shown as being electrically connected together in pairs. It will beappreciated that this arrangement is electrically equivalent to thatjust described.

Conversion of decimal product into sterling notation It has previouslybeen explained that the relay D is energized after the complete decimalproduct has been obtained in the accumulator LH. This relay closes itscontacts D-l (Figure 2d) to complete a connection from the line 2M,through a line 439, contacts Dl, anda line 438 to the emitter EM2. Thisemitter rotates in synchronism with the cycle of the machine, andcompletes a connection from the line 438 to lines 431 in succession, sothat each of these lines receives an impulse at a time corresponding toa difierent digit.

Lines 45| extend from the lines 431 associated with the digits 1, 2, 3,4 and are connected to the segments 424 for the digits 2 and 3, 4 and 5,6 and 7, and 8 and 9. In the case of the highest denomination, theseconnections are direct, while in the case of the remainingdenominations, the connections are through normally closed relaycontacts 440a, 44ia 445a. In Figure 2e,connections for the thousands,ten thousands and hundred thousands denominations have been omitted toavoid duplicating the circuits unnecessarily. The common segments 423are connected respectively through wires 452 to the poundscounter-magnets 2I3FP of the accumulator F9.

The common segments 426 are connected by a wire 453 and cam-contacts CC6to the line 438, while the segments 425 for each denomination areconnected together, and to the appropriate one of relay coils 440 to445. It should be noted that the relay contacts 444a and 444D and therelay coils 44| are not shown and also there are two other relays 442and 443, not shown. The

omission of these elements from the drawings is due to the omission ofthe thousands, ten thousands and hundred thousands denomination of themechanism LHRO. The contacts 425 for the highest denomination areconnected by lines 454 to the coils 445, the contacts 425 for themillions denomination by a line 455, to the coils 444, contacts 425 forthe hundreds denomination by a wire 456 to the coil 440.

The operation of these circuits can best be understood by takingspecific examples. Assuming that the two right-hand, highest,denominational orders of the register contain 2 and 4 respectively, asshown in Figure 2e, a circuit will be completed at the 1 time in thecycle through the emitter EM2 (Figure 2d), the 1 line 431, the 1 line45l (Figure 2e) the 2 segment 424 and the brush I for the highestdenomination, the highest segment 423, theright-hand line 452, and thehighest counter-magnet 2|3FP, which will cause 1 to be entered into thisdenomination. Since the highest digit is even, the brush 422 in thehighest denomination will not rest upon any of the contacts 425 of thehighest denomination, and no circuit will be completed through the line454 to the relay coils 445 which will remain deenergised. The contacts445a will therefore remain closed, and a circuit will be completedthrough the emitter EM2, at the 2" time in the cycle, the two line 45l,the middle pair of contacts 445a, the "four contact 424 in the millionsdenomination, the corresponding brush 42I and common segment 423, thesecond line 452 to the right and the counter-magnet 2|3FP to thehundred-thousands denomination of the accumulator FP. Thus 24 millionshillings is entered as 1,200,000, the original amount having beendivided by 20 during the entry.

The brushes 42l and 422 for the hundreds of shillings denomination areshown in Figure 2e as registering 3, so that a circuit can be completedearly in the cycle from the line 438, through the contacts CC-6, theline 453, the common segment 426 for the hundreds denomination, thebrush 422, the 3 contact 425 for this denomination, the line 456, andthe relay coils 440 (Figure 2d). These coils open their contacts 440aand close their contacts 44% (Figure 2e). When the emitter EM2 commencesto emit impulses, the segments 424 for the tens'denomination areconnected to the lines 45l corresponding to the digits 5 to 9. The tensbrushes 42l and 422 register 5, and a circuit is completed through theemitter EM2 (Figure 2d) at the seven time in the cycle, the 7 line 45l,the centre pair of contacts 440b, the tens 5 segment 424, the tens brush42l, the tens segment 423, and the tens line 452 through the units ofpounds countermagnet 2I3FP. Thus, seven will be entered into the unitsof pounds denomination of the accumulator FP.

Assume that the thousands digit was zero or an even number, then thecontacts 44la will be closed due to the non-energization of theircontrolling coil 44! and a circuit will be completed for the hundredsdenomination at the one time in the cycle to energize the tens of poundscounter-magnet 2 I3FP. This circuit is traceable from emitter EM2, onewire 45l, the second pair of contacts 44la from the left, 3 segment 42!,segment 423, wire 452 to the tens of pounds magnet 2I3FP. The hundredsand tens denominations of the accumulator LH register 350, and 17 whichis one-half of 350, leaving 10 over, is entered into the accumulator FP.

It will be appreciated, when, as in the example considered above, thetens digit in the left-hand accumulator is odd, there will be aremainder of 10, as the result of dividing by 20, and this remainder isentered as 10 shillings onto the tens of shill gs wheel of theaccumulator F? in the following anner. When the tens digit is odd, acircuit is completed from the line 453 (Figure 2e) through the tensbrush 422, a line 451 and a relay coil.458 (Figure 2d). This coil closesits contacts 458a so'that a circuit is completed through the emitter EM2at the one time in the cycle, a line 459, the contacts 458a, a line 450,and the tens of shillings counter-magnet 2l3FP (Figure 2e). If

the tens of shillings digit in the accumulator LH is even, nocircuitwill be completed through the coil 458 so that no circuit can becompleted to the tens of shillings counter-magnet 2 I 3FP.

The units of shillings digit in the accumulator LH is transferreddirectly into the accumulator FP. As shown in Figure 2d, the brushes 4l1register six, and the transferring circuit is completed at the 6" timein the cycle through the emitter EM2, the 6 line 431, the "6 contact M8,the brushes 4I1, a line 4H and the units of shillings counter-magnet2I3FP (Figure 2e).

The mechanism just explained divides the integral parts. of-the decimalproduct by 20 and obtains a pounds quotient and a shillings remainder inthe accumulator FP. In order to obtain the pence digit in the finalproduct accumulator, means, which will now be explained. is provided fortranslating the tenths and hundredths digits of the decimal product to apence digit.

The machine is provided with ten multi-contact electric relays whichwill be referred to as the relays-0, l, 2 8, 9 respectively. Theserelays have each an operating coil 0-0, l--0, 2-0, etc., a relatchingcoil B- R, l-R, 2R, etc. (Figure 2d), and eleven normally open pairs ofcontacts. The contacts are normally held open by a member (not shown)which is latched in the contact-opening position by the armature of theoperating coils 0-0, l-0, etc. When this coil is energized it attractsits armature and releases the contact-opening member which allows thecontacts to close. The contacts are re-opened by energizing therelatching coll ll-R, l-R, etc.,

.which moves the contact-opening member back to the open position whereit is held by the armature of the operating coil. Such a relay is shownin British Patent No. 413,327, accepted July 13, 1934, at Fig. thereof.

Each of these relays is appropriated to the digit by which it isdesignated. The operating coil of each relay is connected to thecorresponding segment 405 for the one-hundredths denomination, so thatthe relay corresponding to the one-hundredths digit will be energized.-Y'Ihe circuit ex- 0 tends from the A. C; supply line 200, throughcontacts D-3, closed by the relay D, cam-contacts 00-4, the appropriaterelay coil, which, with the setting shown in Figure 2d, is the coil 1-4,the connected segment 405, the brushes 402 and the common segment 404,to earth.

The energized relay l closes its contacts la, so that at the end of thecycle a circuit can be completed through cam-contacts CC-i, which closeat this time, the contacts la, a control relay coil 410, and therelatching coil l-R. The control coil 410, of which there is one foreach relay 0 to 9, closes its contacts 410a to provide a holding circuitthrough therelatching coil l-R and the cam-contacts CC-S, in-parallelwith the contacts la. mic relatching contact l--R. restores the relay toits normal condition. The control relay no is provided to ensure thatthe whiching coil shall be fully energized despite the opening of thecontacts la during the relatching operation. It will be seen that one ofthe relays 0 to 9 will be energized at the beginning of the cycle andwill remain energized until the end of the cycle when it will beautomatically restored'to its normal condition.

The remaining one-hundred contacts of the re= lays 0 to 9 are shown in avertical column, Figure 2d, the numerals between the contactsidentifying them with the particular relays to which they belong. Itwill be noted that they are arranged in ten groups, each groupcomprising a pair of contacts from each relay. Each group is associatedwith a separate one-tenth digit as indicated by the numerals to the leftof the contacts (Figure 2d). Each group of contacts is connected to thecontacts 0 of the digit 9, whi1e the remaining contacts 0! the group 9are connected to the contacts 414 for the one-tenth denomination.

It will be noted from Figure 2d that the brushes 4" and 4|! will connectin clrcuit the In this group particular group of contacts correspondingto the one-tenth of shillings digit registered in the accumulator LH.Each pair of contacts is thus associated wit a one-tenth digit inaccordance with the group in which it occurs, and with a one-hundredthdigit in accordance with the relay to which it belongs, and mayconveniently be designated by these two digits, i. e., the contacts ofrelay 1 in group 0, are the contacts 01, while the contacts of thisrelay in group I are the contacts I1 and so on. Adopting this system ofdesignation, it

will be noted that the contacts in Figure 2d are arranged in orderstarting at 99 at the top and continuing serially down to 00 at thebottom;

The contacts provide one hundred different circuits in accordance withthe one hundred different values which the one-tenths and onehundredthsof shillings digits may have. One group of ten of these contacts areconnected in circuit by the reading-out brushes 408, M2, for theone-tenths denominatiomand of these ten contacts, one will be closedowing to the energisation of its relay coil in accordance with theone-hundredth digit registered. Thus, a unique circuit is completed. I.

The following table shows in its second column the decimal of oneshilling equivalent to the pence value shown in the first column.

Table Exact decimal equivalent Assumed decimal The present machine isarranged to obtain the product correct to the next higher penny, exceptwhen thedifierence between the decimal product and the next lower pennyis very small. The third column of this table shows the values, indecimals, of one shilling, which are assumed tov be equal to'the pencevalues shown in the first column, Thus, 0.01 to 0.08 of one shilling isassumed to be equal to one penny, and 0.09 to 0.16 of one shilling isassumed to be equal to two pennies, and so on.

The emitter EM3 is arranged to connect eleven lines 452 in turn throughthe contacts Dl to the main supply line 20l at the times correspondingto the pence digit 1 to 11. Thus, each of the lines 462 can transmit animpulse representing a separate pence digit as indicated by the indicesagainst the line. The arrangement is such that each line is connected tothe contacts of the relays 0 to 9 which correspond to the decimalequivalents of the pence digit associated with it. Thus, the ne 462associated with the pence digit 1 is connected to the contacts 0| to 00.The line 462 for the digit 2, to the contacts 08 to [6, and so on, .theconnections corresponding to the third column or the table given above.

In the example shown, the one-tenths digit is 9 and the one-hundredthsdigit is 1. Thus, the relay 1 is energised, and a circuit iscompletedthrough the contacts D--l, the emitter EM! at the eleven time in thecycle, the line 462 for the digit 11, the contacts 9| of the relay I inthe nine group, a line 463, the 9 contact 4| l. the brush 408, thecommon segment 4l0, a line 464; and the pence counter-magnet 2I3FP(Figure 26), to the line 202. In this way the pence counter-magnet isenergised at the eleven time in the cycle and causes eleven pence to beentered into the accumulator FP. Similar circuits may be traced throughthe remaining contacts 90 to ill].

From the above table it will be seen that the values 0.92 to 0.99shillings are assumed to be equal to 12 pence. When the tens digit is 9and one of the relays Z to 9 is energised, one of the pairs of contacts99 to 92 will be energised, and a circuit will be completed through thecontacts D-l, contacts CC'|, the closed pair of the contacts 99 to 92, aline 465, the contact 4,.

the brush 2, the segment 5, a line .466, and a magnet 46! (Figure 2e).The magnet 46'! trips carry mechanism associated with the units of Itshould be mentioned that the accumulator- FP is provided withconventional counter contacts 468 each of which is opened in a knownmanner when the corresponding counter-magnet is energised in order tointerrupt the circuit through that magnet. The counter contacts 468 -areprovided for the purpose of taking the sparking which might otherwiseoccur at the emitters EMZ and EM3.

It has beenpreviously explained that a cardfeeding cycle is initiated atthe end of the cycle in which the right-hand partial product is enteredinto the accumulator LH. The first half of this cycle is coincident withthe transfer of the decimal product from the accumulator LH to theaccumulator FP. After this transfer has been completed,cam-contacts.FC-4 close to energise a relay coil B. This coil closes itscontacts 3-2 to hold itself energised through contacts LII-4. This coilalso closes contacts 13-1 to complete a circuit through acolumn-selecting commutator 410 to the reading-out mechanism FPRO of theaccumulator FP. This mechanism in turn controls the energisation ofpunch-magnets 4H,

to record the product on the card in a manner which is fully explainedin British specification No. 405,231 aforesaid. On the conclusion ofthis punching operation, the punch-contacts P-5 are closed in a mannerexplained in the United States specification aforesaid, to energise thecoil K, which closes its contacts K-Z (Figure 2a) to energise the resetmagnets 223LH and IMF? so .that the accumulators LH and FF are reset. As

previously explained, this results in the initiation of the multiplyingoperations for the next card, and the whole sequence of operations isrepeated in respect of this next card.

The mechanism described can be modified to obtain the final productcorrect to the next lower or to the nearest penny. If the connectionsfrom the line 462 to the contacts of the relays 0 to 9 are shiftedupwardly four contacts, and if the contacts 95 to 92 are disconnectedfrom the line 465 and from the contacts 331 and connected to the line463, the result will be obtained correct to the nearest penny. With thisadjustment, no connection will be made to the contacts 00 to 05. In thesame way, if the connections from the lines 462 are shifted upward eightcontacts, and all the contacts in the-nine group are connected to theline 463, the'contacts CC-l, the brush 2, and associated parts beingomitted, the result will be obtained correctly to the next lower penny.In this case, the magnet 46'! would also be omitted.

In addition to or instead of recording sterling products on the card,that product can be printed, by providing the machine with a billprinting unit in the manner explained in Daly, United States applicationSerial No. 643,663, filed November 21, 1932.

If it is desired merely to print the product, but not to punch it,correct to the next lower penny, the bill printing unit can be connecteddirectly to the decimal product accumulator 'LH, the printing magnetsprovided in this unit being connected in circuit in place of thecounter-magnets of the accumulator FP which would be omitted. It is notpossible with this latter arrangement to print the product correct tothe nearest or next highest penny, as both the latter operations involvea transfer operation which cannot be performed by the printingmechanism.

I claim:

1. In a multiplying machine, an accumulator having a plurality ofdenominational order entry receiving sections, a separate readoutmechanism for each section, accumulating mechanism controlled thereby,the readout mechanism of the units order section being arranged tocontrol a part of the accumulating mechanism in accordance with thedigit entered in said units order section, means associated with thehigher denominational order sections for determining whether theycontain an even or an odd digit, means controlled bysaid determiningmeans for causing the readout mechanism of the tens order sectiontocontrol a further part of-the accumulating mechanism to receive unity ifthe digit in the tens order section is odd and further means controlledby said determining means for causing the readout mechanism of each ofthe remaining orders, except the highest, to control a still furtherpart of said accumulating mechanism in accordance with one-half of thesum of ten and the digit entered in the accumulator section when thedigit in the next higher order section is odd.

2. In a machine of the class described, a plurality. of denominationalorder accumulator wheels, positionable to represent a number, a readoutdevice including a plurality of digit representing contact segments anda pair/of brushes for each wheel, one of the brushes of a. pair beingpositionable by its wheelg-gito engage a segment corresponding to thedigit set on the related wheel, the other brush .of the pair beingpositionable only on segments related to odd digits, a plurality ofrelays, means controlled by the second mentioned brushes of said pairsof brushes for completing circuits through the relays, accumulatingmechanism, an emitter for emitting a series of differentially timedimpulses, one for each digit, to control the operation of said accumu-'one set for each of said relays and each set being arranged andconstructed to respond to control of its related relay to connect eachof the segments engaged by the first named of said pair of brushesrelated to the next lower order to said emitter for control by theimpulses relating to the digits 5 to 9, said segments being normallyconnected by said contacts to said emitter for control by the impulsesrelating to the digits 1 to 4, and means controlled by said emitter, and

segments in accordance with their interconnecof said first setcorresponding to a digit to be represented and the other brush to engagethe corresponding segment of the second set if the digit represented isodd, an impulse emitter for emitting a series of differentially timedimpulses,

one for eachdigit, a device controlled thereby, a plurality ofconnections, means normally connecting each of said first set ofsegments to said emitter through said connections to cause said deviceto be controlled by impulses related to the digits 1 to 4, and meanscontrolled by said second set of segments, when a brush isin engagementwith any of them for causing said connections related to the next lowerdenominational order to be shifted to connect said first set of segmentswith the emitter to cause said controlled device to be controlled byimpulses related to the digits 5 to 9.

HAROLD HALL KEEN. 2n

